Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in a Soil–Plant System from an Open Dumpsite and the Associated Health Risks through Multiple Routes

Screening various plant species to act as hyperaccumulators and associated health risks could serve a sustainable solution for the bioremediation heavy metals (HMs). For first time, present study explored phytoremediation potential of native plants, soil enrichment, human with contamination HMs in samples collected from municipal solid-waste open dump site. Soil (n = 18 + 18) dumpsite control site were analyzed selected HMs, i.e., Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn). The plants was assessed using bioaccumulation factor (BAF), coefficient (BAC), translocation (TF), while pollution levels evaluated (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment (EF), ecological risk (PERI), indices. results revealed that based on TF BAC values, Alhagi maurorum Medic., Astragalus creticus Lam., Cichorium intybus L., Berberis lycium Royle, Datura stramonium L. Cr Parthenium hysterophorus promising both Ni Cr. Similarly, CF values Fe, Ni, Pb, >6, thereby showing very high contamination, Igeo (class 6, >5), extremely polluted. Furthermore, EF Cr, Zn 2 < ≤ 5, depicting moderate PERI range 91.31–195.84, employing (95 190) dumpsite’s soil. Moreover, non-carcinogenic exposure, none exceeded threshold limit HRI > 1 adults children. Likewise, case carcinogenic effects, CRI lower than tolerable limits (1 × 10−6–1 10−4) almost all studied be utilized phytoextraction mentioned HMs. In future, can help implementation public policies ensure sustainability developmental activities contaminated sites. Based these results, it is concluded there dire need monitoring solid waste dumpsites due types minimize problems arising dumpsite, substantive special attention should paid work eco-friendly remedial measures.